对于青少年来说，在青春期他们逐渐对于自己的身体形象有了较为清晰的认知。通过研究发现，他们对与身体的满意程度和自尊往往影响到他们的身心健康，与此同时，一些学习和认为，积极的身体形象与青少年的经历和生活环境有关。
随着各类科学技术的发展与生活水品的提高，科研人员会更注重青少年的身心健康。
本文旨在探讨青少年积极的身体形象体验，并描述有助于其发展的家庭和教育因素。
一．青少年如何获得积极的身体形象体验
1. 自我保护(self-care)
大多数青少年注重对身体素质有积极影响的行动，例如运动和良好的饮食。同时，他们会对想要变瘦但有危险行动的朋友提出健康且合适的建议，例如禁止节食和催吐。
2. 接受自己的身体(acceptance of one’s own body)
多数青少年在初期可能会对自己的身体形象有或多或少的不满意，但在研究过程中发现，他们会尝试着接受和欣赏自己的身体，同时，他们认为不需要太过于重视自己的外在形象，因为一个人的内在，如他的性格、工作能力，在他们的生长环境中会更加重要。
同时，调查对象认为青少年必须对自己有安全感，并学会欣赏和接受他人的形象。
‘If you don’t feel well with yourself others won’t like you either and you have to appear secure in yourself’
‘I think you have to respect everyone’
3. 直面攻击性的身体形象信息(confronting messages that attack body image)
一些青少年认为他们可以从朋友那里得到积极的强化
‘My friends always tell me that they think I have a very good body. It isn’t important but I like it. When you receive these positive comments from your friends it makes you feel better and makes you like yourself more.’
但是在他人和你交流时，你并不一定总能得到积极的反馈，调查对象还阐述了他们得到的语言攻击，这些信息会使他们感到不安。面对这些负面性信息，教师和父母将青少年的高度自尊和自信作为不让青少年收到影响的关键因素。
‘If you have a good base and good self-esteem it doesn’t have to affect you so much either. But if you’re someone who has very fragile moments maybe what they say affects you more.’
与此同时，青少年学会制定不同的方式和策略以便于协助他们处理负面信息，例如选择性倾听：
‘I’m a person who doesn’t listen to harmful criticism very much, because it isn’t useful. You have to listen to the good ones to have good self-esteem and self-image.’
4. 社交媒体的影响(the influence of social media)
社交媒体对身体形象的影响是他们谈论的另一个要素。值得强调的是，青少年充分意识到他们在社交媒体上收到的有关理想中有关美丽的信息的影响。
‘There are lots of comments talking about the physique on social media and this very much affects us teenagers, who are the people who use it most’
二．促进家庭和教育环境中的因素
1.促进自尊和积极身体形象的家庭价值观和行为
在青少年的成长过程中，家庭价值观的建立尤为重要，这些价值观被定义为有助于孩子拥有积极的身体形象和高度自尊的价值观。家长强调了情感纽带、帮助和陪伴。
一个希望孩子具有高度自尊和具有良好的形象认可度的家庭，往往会和孩子保持更健康的关系。父母表示，他们认为在日常生活中保持良好的沟通至关重要，此外，他们会给孩子更多的积极强化。
‘Giving them positive reinforcements with the things that you see that they can highlight and those that they do not, so bringing out the good. Make them see what they’re worth, so they go looking for their path towards things that can be good.’
2.产生自尊和积极身体形象的教育行动
教师阐述了他们的教育目标，和方式-尊重、考虑、可见性而不是评判，这些方面对于自尊发展都是很重要的。
此外，对于自卑的青春期学生，教师们会鼓励他们相信自己，面对挑战，及时沟通以给予信心和规避心里问题。
‘With students with low self-esteem what I do, what I try to do is give them an important place in the class, but as important as that of any other student. ’
‘Reinforcing self-esteem, with the feeling of always giving them encouragement and forward movement and you’ll come out of it and not doing the opposite: “you’ll do nothing with your life’
‘Speaking with them: to give them confidence because they talk to me about what is happening, and then when they explain what is happening, trying to look for solutions within what I can do’
摘自：Positive body image: a qualitative study on the successful experiences of adolescents, teachers and parents
